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Helicopter Flight Simulation Motion Platform Requirements(4)

时间:2011-11-12 12:15来源:蓝天飞行翻译 作者:admin
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Appendix C—Example of Repeated-Measures Analysis............................................................................ 81
Appendix D—Review of Cooper-Harper Handling Qualities Rating Scale.................................................... 83
References....................................................................................................................................... 85

 

Helicopter Flight Simulation Motion Platform Requirements
JEFFERY ALLYN SCHROEDER
Ames Research Center

Summary
Flight simulators attempt to reproduce actual flight pilot-vehicle behavior on the ground reasonably and safely. This reproduction is especially challenging for helicopter flight simulators, which is the subject of this work, for the pilot is often inextricably dependent on external cues for pilot-vehicle stabilization. One of the important simulator cues is platform motion; however, its required fidelity is not known. Cockpit motion effects on pilot-vehicle performance, on pilot workload, and on pilot motion perception were examined in several experiments in order to determine the required motion fidelity for helicopter flight simulation. In each experiment, a large-displacement motion platform was used that, for some configurations, allowed pilots to fly tasks with a one-to-one correspondence between the motion and visual cues. In all evaluations, representative helicopter math models were employed, and in two cases a specially developed model from AH-64 Apache flight test data was used. Platform motion characteristics were modified to give motion cues varying from full motion, relative to the visual scene, to no motion. Four of the six rigid-body degrees of freedom were explored: roll rotation, yaw rotation, lateral translation, and vertical translation. The pitch rotation and longitudinal translation degrees of freedom remain for future work; however, it was hypothe-sized that their requirements mirror those of roll rotation and lateral translation. Several key results were found from the evaluations. First, lateral and vertical translational motion platform cues had significant effects on simulation fidelity. Their presence improved pilot-vehicle performance, reduced pilot physical and mental workload, and improved pilot opinion of how faithfully the simula-tions represented flight. Second, yaw and roll rotational motion platform cues were not as important as the lateral and the vertical translational platform cues. In particular, the yaw rotational motion platform cue did not appear at all useful in improving performance or reducing workload. Third, when the lateral translational motion platform cues were combined with visual yaw rotational cues, pilots believed they were physically rotating when the motion platform was not rotating. Thus, an overall efficiency in the use of motion cues can be obtained by combining only the lateral translational platform cues with satisfactory visual cues. Fourth, vertical and roll/lateral specifications were revised and validated that provide simulator users with a prediction of motion fidelity based on the frequency-response characteristics of their motion control laws. Fifth, vertical platform motion affected pilot estimates of steady-state altitude during altitude reposi-tionings. This refutes the view that pilots estimate altitude and altitude rate in simulation solely from visual cues. Since these studies have shown that translational motion platform cues had more important effects on simulation fidelity than did rotational cues, an alternative to today’s hexapod platform design is suggested which emphasizes the translational cues. And sixth, the combined results led to a general method for configuring helicopter motion systems as well as for developing simulator tasks that more likely represent actual flight. The overall results can serve as a guide to future simulator designers and to today’s operators.
 
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