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. 222 . (.600 ) +(. ) +(. ) + 500 375 ..= SStrans / pilot 2 . 222 . (. ) +(. ) +(200 )350 075 . .. . 222 . (.600 ) +(. ) +(. )+ 025 225 .. + (C11) 2 .69 77 . 3 98 . .5 43 . 10 ..55 = . . 398 == . MStrans / pilot 15 0 796 (C12) ()( ) 543 . == . 543 (C13) MStrans 1 () 543 . F == . 682 (C14) 0 796 . Statistically, the F-ratio is the distribution of the ratio of two independently distributed chi-squares each divided by their degrees of freedom. The degrees of freedom are the number of independent observations that were summed in obtaining the chi-square distribution. For the above F-ratio example, the numerator and denominator have (a – 1 = 1) and (n – 1 = 5) degrees of freedom, respec-tively. The resulting F-ratio, for these degrees-of-freedom, is then be compared against tabulated critical regions to determine if it is large enough to be considered significant. If the F-ratio is large enough, then the effect of the experimental factor is said to be significant. Otherwise, the differences may be due to random error. In the example, an F = 6.82 means there are 4.7 chances in 100 that the differences would occur randomly. These low odds suggest that turning translational motion on and off is affecting the results. Appendix D—Review of Cooper-Harper Handling Qualities Rating Scale The term “handling qualities” is defined as “those qualities or characteristics of an aircraft that govern the ease and precision with which a pilot is able to perform the tasks required in support of an aircraft role” (ref. 53). The subjective scale that has become the worldwide standard for measuring handling qualities is the Cooper-Harper Handling Qualities Rating Scale (ref. 53), which is shown in figure D1. After completing a flying task, the pilot assigns a numerical rating by proceeding through the decision tree on the left-hand side of the scale. The decision tree separates the handling qualities into four categories: (1) satisfactory (rating<3.5), (2) unsatisfactory but tolerable (3.5 < rating < 6.5), (3) unacceptable (6.5 < rating < 9.5), and (4) uncontrollable (9.5 < rating). The first three categories are referred to as Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 handling qualities, respectively. The first question, “Is it controllable?,” must be answered in the context of the task. If the pilot can control the aircraft in order to perform the task, even if it requires his undivided attention, then the aircraft is controllable. Otherwise, the aircraft is uncontrollable, and the assigned rating is a 10. The second question, “Is adequate performance attainable with a tolerable pilot workload?,” requires the experi-menter to define performance standards. Engineers and pilots, at the beginning of an experiment, jointly decide on two performance standards: desired and adequate. An example would be for a pilot to fly a landing approach while maintaining airspeed to within ±5 knots for desired performance and ±10 knots for adequate performance. 直升机网 www.helicopter.cn 直升机翻译 www.aviation.cn 本文链接地址：Helicopter Flight Simulation Motion Platform Requirements(67) |
